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University of Bologna
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Barbora KRYLOVÁ, Charles University, Prague
Consensus suggested and demanded - enim and ergo considered (also) from the viewpoint of communicative strategies
Traditionally, enim and ergo have been described as coordinating conjunctions of causal and consecutive nature, respectively. Implying that their functions are fundamentally opposite in such a way, that their difference should remain clear-cut in all circumstances, this approach is unable to account for occurrences, which suggest, rather scarce though they are, that in some of their actual uses, enim and ergo may come functionally closer to each other, if not become effectively interchangeable.
The discourse-pragmatic approach – more specifically, the analytical framework for description of Latin discourse particles developed by Kroon (1995) – provides more powerful tools for dealing with those occurrences. From the viewpoint of this approach, both enim and ergo – as analysed by Kroon (1995) and Krylová (2001; forthcoming) – have been classified as interactional situating particles whose basic meaning can be described in terms of appealing to consensus from the addressee. In other words, both particles function as devices fitting their host discourse unit into the actual communicative situation, in particular as devices aimed at getting the addressee to accept speaker’s standpoint or to identify with his mindset.
The aim of this paper is to examine how enim and ergo differ in their ways of appealing to consensus. It will be argued that by means of enim, consensus is suggested, emphasised as already existing or even pretended whereas by dint of ergo it is more or less authoritatively demanded or asked for. In general, it will be claimed that relationship between the two particles can be explained as an opposition in one distinctive feature, namely in the way of appealing to consensus, against a rather broad common functional background. It will be analysed (i) how this opposition is reflected in properties peculiar for consensus-particles, such as distributional properties, illocutionary force of their host discourse units, pragmatic motivations underlying their use; (ii) whether and under which conditions it can be neutralised, and (iii) for which communicative strategies the particles are appropriate and with which ones they are largely incompatible.
The results of this analysis may serve as an additional support for the adequacy of above mentioned descriptions of enim and ergo as well as for the overall assessment of the application of discourse-pragmatic approach to discourse particles.
References
- Kroon, C. H. M. (1995), Discourse particles in Latin. A Study of nam, enim, autem, vero and at. Amsterdam studies in classical philology, 4. Amsterdam: Gieben.
- Krylová, B. (2001), Discourse particles ergo and igitur. Paper presented on ICLL XI, Amsterdam. (monograph in prep.)
- Krylová, B. (forthcoming), ‘Ergo als Konsensus-Partikel in lateinischen narrativen Texten. Eine Untersuchung an Prosatexten historischer Thematik von Caesar bis Sueton’. Graecolatina Pragensia 18, 63 - 94.
Most recent modifications: February 18, 2003 – latling@classics.unibo.it
Source: Dipartimento di Filologia Classica e Medioevale
No rights can be derived from the information on this Internet-page.
The discourse-pragmatic approach – more specifically, the analytical framework for description of Latin discourse particles developed by Kroon (1995) – provides more powerful tools for dealing with those occurrences. From the viewpoint of this approach, both enim and ergo – as analysed by Kroon (1995) and Krylová (2001; forthcoming) – have been classified as interactional situating particles whose basic meaning can be described in terms of appealing to consensus from the addressee. In other words, both particles function as devices fitting their host discourse unit into the actual communicative situation, in particular as devices aimed at getting the addressee to accept speaker’s standpoint or to identify with his mindset.
The aim of this paper is to examine how enim and ergo differ in their ways of appealing to consensus. It will be argued that by means of enim, consensus is suggested, emphasised as already existing or even pretended whereas by dint of ergo it is more or less authoritatively demanded or asked for. In general, it will be claimed that relationship between the two particles can be explained as an opposition in one distinctive feature, namely in the way of appealing to consensus, against a rather broad common functional background. It will be analysed (i) how this opposition is reflected in properties peculiar for consensus-particles, such as distributional properties, illocutionary force of their host discourse units, pragmatic motivations underlying their use; (ii) whether and under which conditions it can be neutralised, and (iii) for which communicative strategies the particles are appropriate and with which ones they are largely incompatible.
The results of this analysis may serve as an additional support for the adequacy of above mentioned descriptions of enim and ergo as well as for the overall assessment of the application of discourse-pragmatic approach to discourse particles.
- References
- Kroon, C. H. M. (1995), Discourse particles in Latin. A Study of nam, enim, autem, vero and at. Amsterdam studies in classical philology, 4. Amsterdam: Gieben.
- Krylová, B. (2001), Discourse particles ergo and igitur. Paper presented on ICLL XI, Amsterdam. (monograph in prep.)
- Krylová, B. (forthcoming), ‘Ergo als Konsensus-Partikel in lateinischen narrativen Texten. Eine Untersuchung an Prosatexten historischer Thematik von Caesar bis Sueton’. Graecolatina Pragensia 18, 63 - 94.
Most recent modifications: February 18, 2003 – latling@classics.unibo.it
Source: Dipartimento di Filologia Classica e Medioevale
No rights can be derived from the information on this Internet-page.